HOW WINDOWS EVOLVED THROUGH THE CENTURIES

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The word window comes from the Old Norse phrase used a great number of years ago, 'Wind Eye,' which means 'an opening to the air.' A window happens to be an opening in the wall of a building or house. Its job is to let in the light and air. A window that is placed advantageously is able to provide a lovely view of the world outside from the inside of the house. Windows are quite a piece of art according to both traditional and modern architecture.

Dating to many years ago a window was just a small oval or square hole in the wall. In early Greek and Middle Eastern buildings thin slabs of marble, mica sheets and oiled paper were utilized. In Roman architecture small panes of window glass were first used in which they were held in frames of bronze. Bars called mullions held the panes in place. Mullioned glass windows were the chosen windows for European affluent people. A frame known as a sash contained the panes and mullions fitted into it. In ancient China and Japan paper windows were affordable and used widely. In the windows of ordinaryhomes in England glass became common only in the early part of the 17^th century.

Craftsmen in the Middle Ages devised stained glass to be used in church windows. In these colored pieces of glass were set in figures and ornamental designs.Only small panes of glass could be made until the 1800s. When better machinery was invented in the 1850s it became possible to produce large panes. This greatly affected the looks and design of buildings. Large sheets of glass can be produced through contemporary glass technology to be used in modern glass-covered buildings. From floor to ceiling these buildings have windows.

There are several styles in windows these days. Bay windows, bow windows and oriel windows just out from a wall while dormer windows cut through the roof. The traditional style of window is double-hung sash window that has two parts or sashes that overlap a little and slide up and down inside the frame. Where there are single-hung sash windows one sash is movable and the other is fixed. A flat or sloped window built into a roof structure for day-lighting is known as a skylight. A multi panel window is a bay window and has at least three panels kept at different angles to form a protrusion from the wall line.

There are two or more sashes that overlap a little in sliding windows but they slide horizontally in the frame. The casement window turns out at an angle and is fixed along one side usually opened with a crank. Tilt and slide is a window that combines the opening choices of a casement and a sliding window. Tilt and turn is a window that combines the opening choices of a casement and vent window. A vent window is like a casement window but has the hinge at the top or bottom.

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A BALCONY IS A SPACE APART

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Having a useful balcony in your home can be very handy if you need some extra space to expand the place. This space can be used for family get together and for spending time with the family members.

If the balcony lies next to a bedroom it would serve as a private place for cultivating hobbies such as craftwork, origami and painting. On the other hand it could be a leisure space to spend the weekend with a good book. Another use is to be a place to talk to a friend in seclusion.

Some nested chairs or stools would be good here so that you could sip a cup of tea in the evening times. If your balcony overhangs a garden or tree grove you will be able to get a whiff of outdoor air inside. A wider balcony or two balconies joined together would provide a place to have a pleasant garden party with a few guests.

There should be something to set your balcony apart and simultaneously to be a part of the remaining rooms in decor and usage. French windows should be used to connect the living room and balcony so that there is a feeling of spaciousness in the area. To get an earthy appeal, statuettes, figurines, toys and dolls of terracotta should be placed here. Decorate the walls to save floor space. Flowering pots can be hung on iron hooks from the walls. Pretty bells and trinkets can be on the grill and a good chajja should be above to prevent rain water from entering.

Whatever activity the balcony is designed for, the decor should be chosen. It should complement the general theme of the home. For a touch of glamour, glittering mosaic tiles can be used with blue colors for a tropical touch and green ornamental plants arranged in a row. This will give the impression of a small forest. Herbs can also be planted to spread a fragrance.

A balcony fitted with grills like a separate room but used as an open space sometimes must have an adjustable decor. Both dim and bright lighting should be arranged. Good looking lampshades and pendants lights for a quiet dinner or bright ones for a children's party can be accommodated. Blinking lights are not advisable. Your balcony can be used for multiple purposes.

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COLOUR THAT ENLIVEN THE OFFICE

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People tend to splash a lot of color in their homes but offices are kept on a subdued note. Or they may go to the other extreme and make the office a garish profusion of childlike coloring. Workplace colors should be refined and subtly introduced. Different vibes belong to different colors.Red, yellow, orange and brown have a warm aura while colors such as blue, green, pink and violet have a pacifying effect. The area, function and size of the space should decide the shades selected for the office.

Wall paints,furniture,laminations and furnishings are the canvas on which the color effect may be created.Neutral hues such as beige,grey,black and cream are most commonly chosen.A combination of grey and blue goes well for a balanced effect but experimenting a little with different shades may lend your office a unique look.

Different areas in the office should be demarcated according to their use, such as the reception, lobby area, lounge, cubicles, pantry, private cabins and the boardroom. The entire ambience of the workplace can be transformed through a judicious choice of cheering shades.

When somebody first visits your office the first impression they will get will be from the reception area. Sunshine yellow is an enlivening color for the background of this space and the company logo and name plaque can be displayed on the wall behind the front desk. If yellow is present, a tinge of orange will give a vibrant look. A fresh feel is imparted by a mix of yellow and orange.

Red combined with grey or beige may deepen the aura although alone it may have a disturbing effect. The reception area should not be done up in white or it will result in a lifeless appearance. If white must be used at least one bright color should be added on it to make it lively. The walls and floor could be embellished with bright objects.

Most of the employees spend their time in cubicles, so this place needs to be decorated in tranquil shades. Bright blue, maroon, magenta or purple combined with cream, grey or white will exude a positive glow. The place will gain openness and spaciousness. If it is a vast, extensive area you should have color coding with sectioning to have an appealing effect. Three shades of the same color or two cool colors and a single matching warm color will lighten up the atmosphere.

For the private cabin, a sober color, touched by bright green or navy blue in an accessory or wall frame will reduce some of the monotony. A board room in white with luxury chairs in rosewood or cherry color will give an opulent yet subtle look. Red upholstery will match well with this. The color gold used in brass planters, gold-plated chair backs and goldrimmed wall frames will add a regal touch to the board room.

As long as the element of 'serious business' is maintained, colors can be utilized to give energy to the workspace. Employees will be enthused to perform at their highest level of creativity and a gentle yet motivational appeal will be imparted to the office decor.

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REGARDING TERRACE AND OPEN SPACES

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Understanding the terminology,ways and restrictions in using them, make areas like terrace and open spaces well utilized.

Terrace and Open Space:

Open Terrace: means terraces which are otherwise not in the exclusive possession of any of the member.

Open space: means an area, forming an integral part of the site left open to sky.

Generally Water tanks, Societies Office, Lift rooms etc., are on the terrace, however, builder with a motive of profit construct terrace flat. The said terrace flats are sold by the builders to promoters who have a wrong impression that they are the owners of the open space adjacent to their flat. The open space adjacent to the terrace is the property of the society. The member does not have a right on the terrace and it is the society which always owns the terrace and can use the open space keeping in view the overall interest of all the members of the society. Even in Municipal Corporation records the same is shown as open space.

Permission for use of terrace or open space of the society:

The provisions under the Bye- laws No. 171, the open space adjacent to the terrace is the property of the society. On written application by any member of the society the Committee may allow temporary use of the terrace or available open space of the societies building, for any function, subject to such restrictions and on payment of such charges to the society as the meeting of the General Body of the society may decide. The Committee may, with the previous permission of the Local Authority, if needed, allow exhibition of advertisement boards on any part of the building including terrace, on such terms and conditions as are approved by the General Body Meeting.

Restriction for use of open space of the society:

The provisions under the Bye- laws No. 170, there are restrictions that the Society shall not let out or give on leave and license basis or permit any subletting, giving on leave and license basis any open space available under the staircase or to any person whether the member of the society or not, for any purpose whatsoever.

Repair of Terrace:

The society is the owner of the property and it is the responsibility of the society to repair the terrace. It may be emphasized that members residing on the top floor have a common complaint of leakage from the terrace. The members residing on the top floor cannot insist for putting up tiles on the terrace. The society depending upon its financial position may even put tar on the terrace.

The provisions under the Bye- laws No. 160, the damaged ceiling and plaster thereon in the top floor flats, on account of the leakage of the rain water through the terrace the Society is responsible to carry out the repairs by the societies' cost.

The provisions under the Bye- laws number 160, the damaged ceiling and plaster thereon in the top floor flats, on account of the leakage of the rain water through the terrace the society is responsible to carry out the repairs by the societies cost and cannot expect from the owner of the flat.

The member who is residing on top floor and there is leakage at roof of the flat and, therefore, urgent repairs to be undertaking by member. On completion of the repair the member can claim reimbursement of an amount with interest for the repairs of the terrace as well as the parapet walls.

It is necessary that the member claiming for reimbursement of repairs to the roof of his flat and not to the terrace. It is the responsibility of the society to find out whether the leakage is through any flat or through terrace. In the judgment delivered by the Bombay High Court in the case of Humble Home Co-op. Soc. Ltd., has held that the Society is responsible to reimbursement of the amount with the interest for the urgent repairs of the terrace and the
parapet walls to the member who undertook the repair and also held that the claim of ownership of the terrace above the roof is irrelevant.

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TABLEWARE TO SUIT THE OCCASION

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Colorful or simply sombre, plain or intricately patterned, traditional Chinese or any of the delicate modern variety, table wares like crockery and cutlery are always a treasure to behold, exhibit and use.

A little while after the entertaining aspects commence, the attention of the guests turn to the tableware placed before them. Admiring their attractive designs and patterns, they also appreciate the aesthetic sense of the host in choosing such elegant crockery and cutlery. In addition to the external beauty and novelty, they should be practical and convenient.

Traditionally Chinaware is the regular buy, but it is not always suited for serving in for small children, or it may be too heavy to handle in buffet spreads. Nowadays, the choices in them is varied and limitless in addition to being trendy and handy.

For formal groups:

For small sit-down dinners, ceramic plates and other flatware come in bright shades such as blue, orange, sunshine yellow etc., They might be either plain or filled with modem designs. They are heavy and breakable, hence ideally suited for a small and exclusive sit-down dinners. These could be matched with colored candles in silver or brass holders. Designer tableware is available in lifestyle stores and crockery sections of malls. Complementary cutlery should be either in silver or in white metal.

There are many other attractive options for small dinner gatherings like wood plates with a smooth finish, transparent glass with etched designs, colored glass, smoked glass and crystal. After a gap of time, stainless steel has also made a comeback as a formal choice, in its buff, matt- finished form. It lends an ethnic feel to the layout.

For Buffets:

When there are more guests and the atmosphere tending towards more of an informal one, it will be better to go for a buffet spread. Anyhow, in this case, since the plates have to be easy to hold, the best option is melamine and other non-breakable material. Both the aspects like good look and light weight are covered by materials such as Light China which might be bone china or porcelain and for garden parties disposables like laminated woven rattan and paper mache are easy to hold and carry and also good to look at. Oven and microwave safe crockery come in beautiful designs, and so easy for those guests who want their food piping hot.

For Children:

The first choice for children are melamine plates that are deeper in the centre than at the rim. Stainless steel is a time-tested traditional and safe option, especially if it has compartments for the various items as children love to experiment with each taste separately. For very small children, vacuum plates with a hot water compartment are a boon. The vacuum holds the plate to the table, while hot water keeps the food warm.

As children are attracted by more colors, it would be a wiser buy for going into colorful cutlery in good quality plastic with rounded edges and handles for children.

Accessories:

Always the table accessories should coalesce and complement with the crockery and cutlery and never overshadow them. While it is possible to layout expensive embroidered or lace napkins for small, sit-down dinners, for large gatherings opting for paper ones would be preferential. Nowadays the paper napkins available resemble and feel like fabric. They come in floral, checks, geometries and in pastel or floral, thick or thin to suit different tastes.

Sky is the limit for the materials in which tablemats are available- lace, vinyl, jute, bamboo, khadi and many more. They could be co-ordinate with tableware so that the colors do not clash. Likewise, center-pieces for tables could be formal or informal, modern or ethnic.

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SIMPLE CHANGES TRANSFORM A HOME

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Always classic elegance combined with comfort and originality, outlasts all other types of styles. Its style being easy, simple and uncomplicated, it attracts every one's attention and admiration and it turns into a trend setter. Its nature gives it an enduring look. Furnishings like curtains, loose covers, upholstery, throws and assorted rugs when switched around, mixed and matched, produce a sense of variation and vibrant energy.

Judicious addition of colors transform the overall look. When dashes of bright colored shades and monochromes are added, we get a color extravaganza waiting to happen. Using throws and colored cushions will add life to the room. Golden colored washed walls make for a sunny background and go well with a deep blue and sea green checked sofa.

The look of enchanting beauty or the dull monotony of the interiors of a house largely depends upon the selection of furniture. The charm of colonial furniture is a sure-fire choice as it goes well with any kind of color themes. Some people still prefer to opt for polyurethane-coated furniture, an amalgamation of Japanese, Italian and Shaharanpur styles, with floral carving mounted on curvy moldings.

Different techniques could be used in designing a room and thereby giving it a particular look. For the living room, one can go back to looking at old design trends, when furniture had to belong to a 'set' and the sofa had to have 'matching' single seaters - more often than not in leather. Dense geometric shapes for wood work or diversely diametric heavily carved loveseats; over-ornate sofa chairs which look like the thorns placed for the bride and bridegroom to sit on at a wedding reception. All these are heavy and considered unnecessary.

The mental outlook of the way of looking as it needs to be changed. The conventional outlook has been formed by having looked at it for so long and getting accustomed to it. This has to be changed. In small apartments, a bedroom cannot be looked upon as a place to just sleep in at night, it also needs to act as a lounge, an area where one can relax and get away from the anguish of big city life. There is a general tendency to ignore lofts, passages, comers, foyers and corridors. In fact, if enough attention is paid to these niche areas, they can enhance the appearance of the house.

Areas such as columns and brackets-nooks are also usually ignored. If they are treated with creativity they could get transformed into fanciful focal points that make a home good looking. This could be achieved by thoughtfully using pendulum lamps, swathes of drapery and surrealistically exaggerated scenes complementary fanciful artificial foliage and throw rugs.

Most of the people consider the bathroom to be unimportant and a place simply meant for the apparent purpose of cleansing, but it is more than that. In actual reality, it is telltale benchmark of the owner's eye for detail. Well-placed mirrors, simple color schemes, and see through shower stalls make for an airy, spacious bathroom. Decorating the bathroom with a false ceiling is an outmoded practice. Nowadays it is not in vogue.

Kitchens had always been and continues to be an interesting arena of design - accommodating a fridge, a fold up dining table, a cooking range, an array of overhead cupboards for placing everything from crockery to salt and pepper shakers, a book shelf, a unique hand cut mug rack and other bric-a-brac in a small area will be really challenging but is possible and quite easy if planned properly.

The room one is using could be made to look more better with candles, muted lights, flowers in baby pink and passionate red. When these candles are lighted, the sheers spread out and along with special floral table linen more zest and vivacity fills in the ambience giving a whole new look to the room.

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AND LET THERE BE LIGHT

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Though the primary requirement of a lamp is to shed light, in actual reality, it does more than that. It reflects the mind and mood of the selector. Lighting up walls is a way of one's expression, a candid admission of one's view of life.

Lamps shed a serene atmosphere in a home. Their emission of light adds to the elegance of the decor. The ambience fitting any mood is brought in, by the shape and style of them and by the intensity of light they emit. The functionality of lamps is varied. There is a wide collection to opt from. Different types of bulbs, lamps and lampshades had flooded the market. It is worth taking that extra effort to select the right option keeping in mind the budget, functionality and appearance to illuminate the home.

Placing the Lamps:

While selecting lighting for a room, normally two criteria are considered. The first one relates to the carpet area. For a room of area 20 x 10 feet approximately, three to four lamps are appropriate. Twin lampshades can be used to double the brightness. The other criterion to be thought over is the utility of the room. I fit is the living room or bed room the illumination and brightness of the bulbs need not be more. If it is a dining room or family room that involves people of all ages coming together, it is advisable to make it a brightly lit up space. Elders and kids always feel comfortable and at ease in a sufficiently luminous room.

Lamps or Lampshades are not advisable in the kitchen or the children's room. Their functionality is not much in these rooms as they emit subdued yellow light. It could be better to use tube lights in the kitchen orthe children's room.Choosing a wall and selecting it to hold a lamp fitting is not an easy and abrupt selection process. Because the appropriate wall selection goes a long way in contributing to the lighting in the room. A wall can be either plain or with niches, windows, doors or openings. Therefore, it could be challenging to select the right lamp and light to illuminate the wall arid the room by adding to the decor as well as lending brightness to the interiors.

In today's modem world, space is the major constraint; however, it is difficult to have a totally "undisturbed" wall. Sometimes a wall gets isolated because too much attention has been paid to other walls caused by the furniture arrangement. This can be rectified by fitting this neglected wall with a lamp and nice- looking lampshade to complete the picture.

Normally, the lamps can be fitted in between two windows, above the curtain rod, along two comers of an arch or along two walls of an L-shaped room. It is really wonderful to see how a lamp can lend charm to the entire home by changing an otherwise dull corridor into a bright space. Lamps as a convention need not be necessarily fixed on the walls. Tall lamps with beautiful lampshades can be placed along with the edge between two walls to create a superb and stunning effect.

Shapes and Styles:

Lampshades are available in different kinds of materials like paper, glass, frosted or stained glass and plaster. Permutations and combinations could be tried to co-ordinate with the other accessories in a room like the furniture, carpet, flower vases and paintings. A perforated lampshade throwing light across a wall also lights up the room through the countless patches of light falling everywhere. A very contemporary lighting solution is a 'V 'shaped lampshade throwing light along the height of the wall, focusing on a painting or a wall hanging.

Here, however the distance between the lamp and the painting has to be judged accurately to avoid a 'shadowing' problem that is the focused light getting filled with shadows of the painting thereby nullifying the lighting effect. This kind of focusing and lamp fixture if done on a slightly dark colored wall makes it look vibrant and creates the correct setting.

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CLOSETS FOR STORAGE

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Storage of things has become a serious criterion when deciding to buy a home, in modem times. People want each and every room to have a functional as well as decorative storage space, and the bed room is no exception. The closet nowadays is no longer just a shelf. As per the widening needs, it has taken new designs, dimensions, and components.

Before the commencement of planning the closet, one has to consider the amount of space at disposal and the amount of space possible to dedicate to the closet or wardrobe. Depending on the need a variety of closets can be made. Thus, closets could be large, small, narrow, decorative or just functional. The best aspect about building a closet is that it can be made to fit any shape and comer.

Wall-to-wall closets are easiest to make because the ceiling floor and walls provide one with a fixed dimension to work with. The closet can be made as deep or as narrow as desired, but a 24 inch depth is usually the norm. These closets enable one to have as many shelves as wanted of varying heights and allow one to hang the clothes too.

In-corner closets are ideal for smaller rooms. The space found in between is apt for putting in a bed, desk, or any other furniture. The whole wall looks unified and continuous while giving a built-in effect.

If one needs a space exclusively for accommodating all the linen, then the linen closet perfectly fits that requirement. These are mostly located in the bathroom or hallway and every inch of space should be utilized to the maximum, as the space available is often not much. The closet should be divided into three sections - the top shelf to be used for storing the least used items, the middle shelf for most used and the bottom shelf for larger items like bedding or cleaning items. A room- dividing closet is another type that not only gives more storage space but also it enhances the privacy. Under- eaves closets are made under sloping ceilings that have little headroom. Since the space in these closets is limited, one can have boxes instead of shelves to easily store items.

Walk-in closets are quite popular in foreign countries but these are helpful only if enough space is available for placing them. These serve not only as a storage space but also act as a dressing room. The great advantage of walk-in closets is that they allow one to have a variety of storage spaces in numerous dimensions like drawers, hanging space, shelves, shoe racks etc., Even the ironing table and window seat could be put in, if one is there.

After the advent of modular furniture in the modem era, all aspects of collecting and installing cabinets and closets has become a simple task. What one has to do is to just choose the color and design from the innumerable choices from a catalogue and the sought after closet is ready in no time.

Other Features:

An elementary arrangement normally most miss either to think or incorporate, is the providing of lighting. Any closet should be brightly lit and the position of the light is also important. The light should not be placed at the back of a shelf, for the purpose of the light is to illuminate the contents. The light should be placed towards the front of the closet or even under the top shelf, while the switch should be outside the closet. Shelves are the only way to go for closets one can use baskets, drawers and tie and belt racks also. Nowadays when the modular furniture is readily available in the market one can quickly and conveniently configure the closet in a variety of ways.

Closets, to utilize them fully:

So as to make more space in the closet, it should be reorganized and should possess several levels for hanging clothes. It should be ensured that the depth of the closet is at least 24 inches. That will have the width which is more than a hanger, for conveniently hanging the clothes.

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GARDENS AT INTERIOR

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Green Plants, wherever they grow, are not only visually pleasing and mentally soothing, but also help in unfolding freshness and spreading pure air all the time. These could be brought to the interiors also in the form of miniature gardens. These living comers at home look like miniature gardens, green jewels or emeralds. Miniature gardens could make for green spots in both outdoor and interior spaces.

In a miniature garden, a group of plants are grown together creating a special landscape. It is grown in a container that can range from a shallow tray to a rubber tyre. The uniqueness of this garden is that an entire spectrum of plants and blossoms could be had on the table top if required. The choice of plants depends on the theme to be projected. This refreshing concept is normally employed to create interest within an existing garden, terrace or balcony. All the main features of a garden are present in this novel idea that can have themes, special furniture, and ornaments. Miniature gardens are not the same as either of the terrariums or bonsais, for all the three areas are individually different from the other.

Design:

A miniature garden looks deceptively simple. In addition to the selection of plants, the most crucial aspect is placing them in the right manner which makes all the difference. If planning to set it on a table or in the centre of a lawn or garden, the viewing angle is 360 degrees. Therefore, the plants should be placed in such a manner that the viewing pleasure is pretty much uniform from any direction. If the location is in a comer or against a wall, the viewing pleasure must be optimized for an excellent frontal view. The below eye level setup must have appropriate landscaping with ground cover getting more prominence. It will be better to make a few rough sketches before deciding on the design. Next the concept of the theme could be decided. A theme will make the selection of plants and accessories easier. Microclimates can be created in this garden by having shady plants growing in the shelter of tall plants. The themes can range from magical to abstract. Creation of stony pathways or grassy mounds could be formed. A herb-filled miniature garden will be lovely for the kitchen's window box.

Base:

The base of the miniature garden can be as exotic or creative as per individual liking. A flat iron or cement tray is a good choice to create a landscape that has more ground cover than foliage. A basket or a big plastic bowl can take in sweeping foliage. A choice of slightly bigger plants needs comparatively bigger holders like a cement trough or a stone sink. For an eye-level view, one of the available cement birdbaths will be a perfect selection. Odd and unusual receptacles which are easy to move around could be thought of. An iron bucket, a wheelbarrow, or any such garden relic that has been discarded to the comers can be reclaimed for this purpose. The base must be filled with a mixture that is usually used for potted plants.

Plants:

Selection of plants for a miniature garden is an extremely difficult preposition than for the usual garden. Plants can either make or mar this kind of garden. As with any garden, some plants are chosen for ground cover, some for foliage and some for color. The miniature variety is hard to find. From what is commonly available, green moss, clovers, miniature variety of ixora, ferns like maiden hair and birds next, and certain succulents like jade necklace are suitable. Foliage is taken care of by having baby's tears, Kenilworth or thyme. Ground cover can be laid with moss, ivy, wheat germ grass or Corsican mint depending on the topography.

Accessories:

After the designing part is done and selection of plants is over, it is time to take stock of accessories for visual appeal. But nothing has to be unnecessarily filled in a miniature garden. Pebbles, seashells, and geodes are good to create a pleasant ambience. Unusually shaped rocks can be covered with ivy. Cocktail umbrellas and satay sticks are also useful. One good source for accessories is aquarium shops where miniature bridges, figurines and animal figures are available. An old doll house, castle or any such whimsical accessory will be nice to create a fairyland theme. A trellis can be fashioned with a gutter cover and a pergola can be fashioned out of suitably shaped stone slivers.

After the creation of the miniature garden which has demanded all the efforts and creativity, it has to be looked after well by regular watering and pruning whenever needed.

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BOOKS AT HOME

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A collection of Books is a treasure trove for the entire family. The children grow with them. Elders find enlightening moments whenever they browse through its pages. Taking care of them is as important as using them.

Whatever may be the advancements in the field of information technology, where enormous information is crammed into CDs and multimedia packs, books retain their own slot in the dissemination of knowledge? Reading habits are to be inculcated among children. Most of the people, though they may not be in the habit of regular reading, always make it a habit to buy books, whenever the chance arises. Arranging them in order is very important. In order to make the books more accessible, they might be displayed prominently in the living room or family room. This not only encourages active reading habit amongst the members of the household, but also adds an interesting dimension to the usual decorative knick- knacks.

For the bibliophiles and serious collectors, library editions, rare books and author signed copies are some of the books that are good for putting on display. On the other hand, a wide range of subjects such as fine arts, photography, interiors, travel, history, philosophy, biographies and many more branches of knowledge form an eclectic collection, that proclaims the good taste and varied interests of the collector. Adding a few visually appealing books such as, coffee- table books with their decorative jackets and colorful plates will add to the variety.

Open shelves, end tables, and cabinet tops can be used to display books. Coordinated book sets such as reference books, encyclopedias, atlas, etc., are more suitable for open shelves while books with decorative jackets are apt for end tables. Decorating interiors with books is gaining a lot of popularity and some websites and book stores even offer books in great numbers.

If the collection of books is more for a display an exclusive bookshelf to hold them will be the best alternative. One could invest in a bookcase made of wood or metal that has a glass front, which protects the books from dust while at the same time allows the books to be viewed from outside. Instead of arranging all the books vertically and stacking them against one another, the books could be spaced out and arranged in different styles to break the monotony. To get a more attractive display, different arrangements on each shelf could be made. One could also use picture frames, curios and other collectibles to make the exhibit more striking.

A couple of books on accent tables, in attractive baskets on end tables, placed vertically on a shelf at the entrance, all add interest and warmth to the decor, but it should always be better to ensure the look remains uncluttered. Some bookmarks should be kept handy in an attractive ceramic bowl or tray and then the look is complete. Arranging books and family photographs to fill any empty comer wi 11 also create an interesting look.

Bookends are a useful accessory which could further add interest to book arrangements. Bookends should always be selected in proportion to the size of the books that they support. Ornate or carved, animal figurines such as horse. elephant, odd shapes, book ends in wood, iron, marble, stone, bronze or brass all add up to the visual appeal to the decor.

Safeguarding the Books:

After having acquired such valuable collection of books, spending precious energy, time and money, it is important to take utmost care of the collection of books. It is advisable to store books in a constant temperature environment, preferably 20 to 24 degrees Celsius. High humidity can cause moulds to grow and damage the books, while low humidity can affect the glue in the book bindings. A relative humidity of 45-55 percent is considered to be ideal. Exposure to too much light and dust should also be avoided.

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COLOUR CREATING MOODS

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In the pink of health', 'red in the face', 'green with envy', are some references that establish the psychological and physiological impact of color on the human mind. The physiology of color is visual perception, and the sensations arising out of this perception is the psychology of color. Basically, color is light energy wherein each color radiates vibrations. The vibrations and energy waves emitted vary with individual colors. The color therapy incorporates the unique impact of colors on human psyche along with the scientific application of each hue in order to achieve harmony.

As a design tool, color is immensely powerful because of its ability to transform the look and feel of a space by masking its undesirable features, enhancing beautiful details and establishing its mood. Besides having a very definite effect on each other, colors possess the ability of creating an illusion of advancing (i.e. appearing nearer e.g. red, orange) or receding (i.e. increasing distance e.g. blue, green).

The palette used in interior spaces reflects the tastes and personality of the inhabitants. As the human senses associate and respond to individual colors differently, here are a few basic guidelines that help demystify the enigma of some colors.

RED:

It conjures up images of vitality, activity, passion, aggression, desire and appetite. Red creates a vibrant and energetic mood, making it the perfect color for areas of entertainment. Small doses of red canbe very flattering and bring about warmth to otherwise stated interiors.

YELLOW:

The color of sunshine, yellow, signifies warmth, optimism, joy, exuberance and idealism. A welcoming color, adding cheer and lifting spirits, yellow is traditionally associated with glowing halos and enlightenment.

BLUE:

The calming qualities of blue lend a serene and tranquil atmosphere to its surroundings. Its receding character makes blue ideal for small spaces, or places for study and reflection. Like many colors, blue has contradictory connotations. It has an intellectual and aristocratic aura; on the other hand, it is also associated with depression.

GREEN :

Symbolically associated with nature and growth, green represents freshness, good luck, youth and vigor. This hue improves efficiency, expresses the will in operation, firmness and persistence, generating the desire for social reforms. On the downside, green in linked with envy and sickness.

PURPLE:

The color purple embodies the balance of red stimulation and the blue calm. While evoking an esoteric mood, and creating an enchanting, exotic ambience, purple suggests perfection, mystique and nobility.

WHITE AND BLACK:

White, the lightest hue and Black, the darkest color serve as powerful fundamentals that bridge color gaps. White, the color of the dove of peace, exemplifies purity, simplicity, precision and reverence. It instills an aura of expanse but an overdose of white emanates clinical sterility. A representative of modernism, black, is a sophisticated, elegant and sensual color. On the flip side, it denotes mystery, fear, depression and grief.

The perception of color changes with the quality of light, the texture of the surface, and even the eye of the observer. Color affirmations and visualizations are powerful methods of color therapy, generating balance and harmony in the environment. The color game is as much about ingenuity and individuality as it is about quantity. 

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