The
following are the few tips which can be adopted as safety measures for safety
living:
Selection of site:
Site should
be free from any obstruction on ground surface, underground or overhead which
shall come in the way of construction of a building.
•Underground
water mains, sewer lines, communication cables, electrical posts or overhead
high tension power communication lines and their supporting towers etc., may
pose a serious problem of safety at any time.
•For
high-rise building, it should be free from aerial clearance restrictions for
free Air flights.
•It should
not be in low lying, water logged, land slide and high pollution prone area.
•It should
have firm soil.
•It should
be preferably plain or having gentle slope.
•Proximity
to the periphery of a water tank or a water reservoir or a deep stream/nallah
should be avoided.
Safety precautions for the building:
•Structure
should be safe against settlement, foundation pressure and overturning with a
factor of safety. It should be safe for thermal effects. One should be very
careful, while planning a structure in earthquake affected zone.
•Every part
of a structure should be designed and constructed in a proper way. It should be
safe during its execution, erection or in service. In case, the structure is
situated in a cyclone zone, additional precautions need be taken in those
aspects in a manner specified for the purpose. Indian standard 15875-1987
(Part-3) specifies the wind loads to be considered in cyclone prone areas for
designing a building.
Safety precautions against overloading of structure:
1.Construction Materials:
Indian Standard 15875-1987 (Part-I) specifies unit weight of
construction materials and construction element for working out dead loads to
be considered in structural design of members of a building. Similarly, Indian
Standard 15875-1987 (Part-II) specifies imposed live loads to be considered for
various uses for which a building is made. They vary from use to use of a
building,
Therefore, if a building is designed for an imposed load of
residential purpose, it should not be used for commercial purpose. For example,
as per this standard, imposed live load for residential unit is 200Kg/n and
imposed live load for a banking unit is 300 Kg/m2 i.e., 1.5 times. Thus, if a
banking unit is housed in a residential unit, it gets overloaded and structure
is made unsafe. There are certain structural stipulations for strong room of a
Bank. Stipulations also add to normal loads in a residential unit.
2.Roof gardens and terrace swimming pools
Normally, no apartment building is supposed to have the garden
and swimming pools on terrace and in such case, the Builder must be asked for
Municipal Sanction for such works. Unauthorised construction of roof garden and
terrace swimming pool are serious man-made sources of distress in a building.
In cases, where additional floors are added to an existing
building, the existing building gets higher load. Therefore, it is necessary to
examine whether the existing structure is capable of taking additional load and
thereafter sanction from the Municipal Authority for such rising is obtained.
Pent house also comes in this category.
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